This is a prospective study of 150 children below 18 years for a period of one year: December 2017 to December 2018. Both eyes will be examined. Potential patients will be identified in PAU one day before surgery. The team then will introduce the prospect of the study. As for the patients who will undergo a surgery under general anesthesia during their admission and won’t be passing by the PAU for pre-surgical workup will be identified from the OR room schedule. Then the anesthesia team rotating on the floor/unit will approach the patient and introduce the study. If patients express interest to be enrolled, the research fellow  will then explain the study in details and obtain written consents from the parents/legal guardians and assents from older children in a private setting in PAU or in the patient’s room. Then, a postoperative eye exam (within six hours) will be performed by the ophthalmologists in the study team in the recovery area if the patient will be leaving to home or in the hospital room if the patient is admitted; to depict any sign of occult eye injury. Irritation signs will be noted. If any ocular symptom is expressed by the participants, it will also be noted. Any child with history of corneal defect/ trauma/ scar or any other eye irritation or allergy will be excluded from the study to minimize confounding results. Data collection from the medical charts will be done to note the age, gender, personal medical, surgical, family, and ophthalmic history, as well as American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) status, abnormal lab tests, type and duration of surgery, type of intraoperative positioning, type of intraoperative eye protection (tape, ointment, ocular pads), and intraoperative episodes of hypotension or hemodynamic instability.

150 children below 18 years, undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.

Potential patients will be identified in PAU one day before surgery and inform the anesthesia team in PAU taking care of those patients. The team then will introduce the prospect of the study. As for the patients who will undergo a surgery under general anesthesia during their admission and won’t be passing by the PAU for pre-surgical workup will be identified and consented in a private setting on the floor.