Diagnosis: stage IB (tumor ≥ 4 cm in size, or grade 3, or with visceral pleura involvement), II, or IIIA NSCLC. Inclusion criteria:

1) Males and females aged ≥ 18 years.

2) Histologically confirmed NSCLC (squamous and non-squamous).

3) High-risk stage IB (tumor ≥ 4 cm in size, or grade 3, or with visceral pleura involvement), II or IIIA disease.

4) Have biopsy tissue available for PD-L1 and correlative studies testing prior to therapy.

5) Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of ≤ 1.

6) Have a life expectancy of ≥ 6 months.

7) No previous systemic anticancer therapy or surgical resection for his or her NSCLC.

8) Subject has voluntarily agreed to participate by giving written informed consent for the trial.

9) Subject must be willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment schedule and laboratory testing.

10) Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 24 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication.

11) Females should not be breastfeeding.

12) Female subjects of childbearing potential as well as males sexually active with women of childbearing potential must be willing to use an adequate method of contraception.

13) Have pulmonary and cardiac function testing deemed adequate for thoracic surgical intervention.

14) Have adequate organ function by meeting the following: 1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1,500/mcL. 2. Platelets ≥100,000/mcL. 3. Hemoglobin ≥9 g/dL. 4. Serum creatinine ≤1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN) OR calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) (GFR can also be used in place of creatinine or CrCl) ≥60 mL/min for subjects with creatinine levels > 1.5 X institutional ULN. 5. Serum total bilirubin ≤ ULN. 6. AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) ≤ 1.5 X ULN. 7. Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 X ULN. 8. International Normalized Ratio (INR) or Prothrombin Time (PT) ≤1.5 X ULN unless the subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy. 9. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) ≤1.5 X ULN unless the subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy.

Exclusion criteria:

1) Subject deemed unfit for surgery (by pulmonary or cardiac assessment).

2) Subject with known autoimmune disease that has required systemic therapy in the last 2 years.

3) Prior organ transplantation including allogenic stem-cell transplantation.

4) Clinically significant (i.e. active) cardiovascular disease: cerebral vascular accident/stroke (< 6 months prior to enrollment), myocardial infarction (< 6 months prior to enrollment), unstable angina, congestive heart failure (≥ New York Heart Association Classification Class II), or serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication.

5) Persisting toxicity related to prior therapy (NCI CTCAE v. 4.03 Grade > 1); however, alopecia, sensory neuropathy Grade ≤ 2, or other Grade ≤ 2 not constituting a safety risk based on investigator’s judgment are acceptable.

6) Subject on immunosuppressive therapy or corticosteroids within 14 days prior to starting study drugs.

7) Subject with interstitial lung disease that is symptomatic or history of pneumonitis that required oral or systemic glucocorticoids to manage.

8) Subject must have recovered from the effects of major surgery or significant trauma at least 14 days prior to therapy.

9) Subject with previous malignancies are excluded unless complete remission was achieved at least 2 years prior to therapy.

10) Other active malignancy requiring concurrent intervention.

11) Subject with active infection requiring systemic therapy.

12) Subject with known history of testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or known to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

13) Subject has known active hepatitis B or C.

14) Vaccination within 4 weeks of the first dose of avelumab and while on trials is prohibited except for administration of inactivated vaccines.

15) Subject is pregnant or breastfeeding.

16) Subject has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial.

17) Subject previously had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to any of the study drugs.

18) Subject is currently participating and receiving study therapy from another clinical trial.

19) Subject had prior treatment with any other anti-PD-1, or PD-L1 or PD-L2 agent or an antibody targeting other immuno-regulatory receptors or mechanisms.

20) Patient who is not willing to sign the consent form.

21) Legal incapacity or limited legal capacity patients receiving other oncology specific medication not authorized in the protocol.